(Executive Summary)

To build worldwide S&T capacities, all major institutions should actively work together to:

1. Foster a global mobilization to create a better future for humanity.
2. Convene a kick-off conference to launch, review, refine, and initiate the implementation of the set of proposals presented in this report.
3. Convene regional and national conferences to review, refine, and initiate the implementation of the set of proposals presented in this report.

Each type of institutional actor will have different roles and responsibilities in this effort. The Study Panel has identified twelve major actors and the action agenda required of each them to implement the needed reforms and new programs for increasing worldwide scientific capacity.

S&T-proficient and S&T-developing countries

1. Identify national science and technology goals and priorities.
2. Assess strengths and weaknesses of current S&T capacity for achieving goals.
3. Establish a government-university-industry partnership for strengthening S&T capacity.
4. Create centers of excellence that address issues of national need.
5. Upgrade ongoing research programs that address issues of national need.
6. Establish mechanisms for S&T advice to government.
7. Provide information on S&T resources and issues to the public.
8. Upgrade educational programs and institutions.
9. For S&T-proficient countries, share responsibilities for regional and international S&T training and research programs.
10. Increase S&T career opportunities within the country.
11. Develop digital S&T information sources.
12. Develop effective policies for intellectual property rights.

S&T-lagging countries

1. Identify national science and technology goals and priorities.
2. Mobilize international expertise for promoting national capabilities in science and technology.
3. Orient S&T capacity for achieving national goals.
4. Participate in regional or international centers of excel-lence that address issues of national need.
5. Establish mechanisms for S&T advice to government.
6. Provide information on S&T resources and issues to the public.
7. Upgrade educational programs and institutions.
8. Join regional and international S&T training and research programs.
9. Increase S&T career opportunities within the country.

S&T-advanced countries

1. Support research and development efforts in developing nations that address local and global needs.
2. Share information and experiences in benefit/risk assessments of new technologies.
3. Support the education and training of S&T professionals in developing nations.

United Nations agencies and regional inter-governmental organizations

1. Help developing nations to identify national S&T goals and priorities.
2. Support research and development efforts in developing nations that address local and global needs.
3. Help developing nations to upgrade their educational institutions and programs.
4. Help developing nations in providing information on S&T resources and issues to the public.
5. Facilitate regional and international S&T training programs.
6. Support the development of digital S&T information sources.

Educational, training, and research institutions

1. Participate in national efforts to identify national S&T goals and priorities.
2. Assess strengths and weaknesses of universities and research institutions for achieving national S&T goals.
3. Establish partnerships with government and industry for strengthening S&T capacity.
4. Create centers of excellence that address issues of national need.
5. Upgrade ongoing research programs that address issues of national need.
6. Upgrade educational programs and institutions.
7. Sponsor and participate in regional and international S&T training programs.
8. Provide information on S&T resources and issues to the public.

National academies of sciences, engineering, and medicine

1. Participate in national efforts to identify national S&T goals and priorities.
2. Help the government to assess strengths and weaknesses of national capacities for achieving national S&T goals.
3. Provide S&T advice to the government.
4. Encourage new centers of excellence that address issues of national need.
5. Promote the upgrading of ongoing research programs that address issues of national need.
6. Promote the upgrading of educational programs and institutions.
7. Provide information on S&T issues of importance to the public.

National, regional, and international S&T organizations

1. Facilitate the effectiveness of research programs in developing nations.
2. Participate in providing scientific advice to developing-nation governments on scientific questions related to public policies and programs.
3. Help developing nations to upgrade their educational institutions and programs.

International development-assistance organizations

1. Help developing nations to identify national S&T goals and priorities.
2. Support research and development efforts in develop-ing nations that address local and global needs.
3. Help developing nations to upgrade their educational institutions and programs.
4. Help provide information on S&T resources and issues to the public.
5. Help promote public-private partnerships.
6. Facilitate regional and international S&T training programs.
7. Support the development of digital S&T information sources.

Foundations

1. Support research and development efforts in developing nations that address local and global needs.
2. Help developing nations to upgrade their educational institutions and programs.
3. Help developing nations to provide information on S&T resources and issues to the public.
4. Facilitate regional and international S&T training programs.
5. Support the development of digital S&T information sources.
6. Play an important role in implementing the actions proposed in this report, either individually or in partnerships with national governments; private sector; and international, regional, and local agencies.

Local, national, and international private sectors (for-profit entities)

1. Participate in national efforts to identify national S&T goals and priorities.
2. Support research and development efforts in developing nations that address local and global needs.
3. Participate in government-university-industry partnerships for strengthening S&T capacity.
4. Help developing nations to upgrade their educational institutions and programs.
5. Help provide information on S&T resources and issues to the public.

Nongovernmental organizations

1. Encourage innovation in disseminating the results of research and in turning them into new products and services that address local needs.
2. Provide information to the public about S&T issues relevant to developing nations.

The media

1. Assume major responsibility for educating the nation's public on S&T-related issues.
2. Use the new electronic media to provide the public with information related to issues of science and technology.

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