This report was externally reviewed in draft form by 18 internationally renowned experts chosen for their diverse perspectives, technical knowledge, and geographical representation, in accordance with procedures approved by the IAC Board. The purpose of this independent review was to provide candid and critical comments that would help the IAC to produce a sound report that met IAC standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. In addition, nine reviews were received from members of the IAC Board. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. The IAC wishes to thank the following reviewers of this report:

Berhanu ABEGAZ, Professor of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana

Alice ABREU, Director, Office of Science and Technology, Organization of American States, Washington, DC, USA

James ADAMS, Vice President, The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA

John H. BARTON, Professor of Law, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA

Partha DASGUPTA, Professor of Economics and Fellow of St. John's College, University of Cambridge, UK

Haile T. DEBAS, Dean, School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, USA

Phillip GRIFFITHS, Director, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, USA

Calestous JUMA, Professor of the Practice of International Development and Director of the Science, Technology, and Innovation Project, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

Osamu KITANI, Professor of Agriculture, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan

Joyce MOOCK, Associate Vice President, The Rockefeller Foundation, New York, USA

Wandera OGANA, Professor of Mathematics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Maureen O'NEIL, President, International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada

Nikolai PLATE, Vice President for International Affairs, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Ranjan RAMASAMY, Chairman, National Science Foundation, Colombo, Sri Lanka

Tony RIDLEY, Emeritus Professor of Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK

José SARUKHAN, Professor of Ecology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico

Vincent P.K. TITANJI, Deputy Vice Chancellor, University of Buea, Cameroon

ZHOU Guangzhao, President, China Association for Science and Technology, Beijing, China

Although the reviewers listed above provided many con-structive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions and recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release.

The review of this report was monitored by:

Hubert MARKL, Professor of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany; former President, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); former President, Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences; and former President, Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science.

M.G.K. MENON, Chairman, Board of Governors of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India; former Minister of State for Science & Technology, Government of India; former Minister of State for Education, Government of India; former President, Indian National Science Academy; former President, International Council for Science (ICSU).

Appointed by the IAC Co-Chairs, these review monitors were responsible for ascertaining that the independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with IAC procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. However, responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring Study Panel and the InterAcademy Council.

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