Integrated approaches search for the best use of the functional relations among living organisms in relation to the environment, without excluding use of external inputs. Integrated approaches aim at the achievement of multiple goals (productivity increase, environmental sustainability and social welfare) using a variety of methods. Food can for instance be produced with minimal adverse effects on the environment, and therefore without harming the functions of other ecosystems. The combination of integrated pest and disease management, integrated water management and integrated nutrient management offer considerable promise. Integrated pest management in rice cultivation provided one of the first examples of the use of integrated approaches, with its reliance on natural predators and parasites, allowing a reduction in the application of pesticides. Integrated nutrient management exploits the functional relations between systems (e.g., by restoring nutrient balances in order to reduce soil fertility decline or to even improve soil fertility, while reducing contamination). Integrated water management aims to increase water use efficiency using a variety of approaches.

<< Previous - [Page 59 of 171] - Next >>