– Academies must encourage, support, and celebrate the contributions of women to scientific discovery and application.-

This chapter considers programmes to increase the numbers of women progressing through science and engineering education, training, and careers. These are needed while women are still a minority. Briefly, these activities cover enhancement of visibility, the importance of role models, access to mentoring and networks and initiatives that provide earmarked resources to women in launching their careers or reestablishing them after a family-related break. In parallel, good management practice must be implemented to make organizations inclusive. Academies, individually and jointly, are requested to support ongoing programmes, and to develop measures of their own that give recognition to women scientists.